The Best of East Africa : Gorillas, The Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater

The first thing that springs to most people’s minds when thinking of Rwanda is its turbulent political history. But today’s Rwanda is a far cry from the nation it was in the mid-90s: the country has emerged from the shadows and has much to offer visitors, most notably the tracking of endangered mountain gorillas in the lush Virunga National Park, which extends across the peaks and jungle-covered slopes of the volcanic Virunga Mountains. Other major tourist attractions include expansive Lake Kivu, ancient Nyungwe Forest with its rich population of primate species, and the game-rich savannah lands of Akagera National Park.

ENTERING RWANDA

You DO require a visa to enter Rwanda if you are a citizen of -

· Australia

· Canada

· United Kingdom

· USA

· any of the EU countries

If you are a citizen of another country, please consult THIS LIST to determine if you need a visa before you enter.

In all cases, ALL visitors are required to have a passport which is valid for at least six months beyond your intended departure date from Rwanda. In all instances, ALL visitors must ensure there are THREE successive blank pages in their passport per country to be visited.

Visitors traveling through South Africa, to and from Rwanda, should be advised that the passports of ALL travellers to South Africa must contain at least TWO blank consecutive (unstamped) visa pages each time entry to South Africa is requested; these pages are IN ADDITION to the endorsement/amendment pages at the back of the passport.

Foreign nationals to Rwanda requiring a visa are divided into two categories, those who are required to obtain an entry visa before travelling, and those who may purchase their visa upon arrival.

NOTE: Currently nationals of Australia, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom, and USA will be issued with an entry visa upon arrival without prior application. Please check as this is subject to change.

Visas obtained in advance may be applied for manually at relevant Rwandan Embassies and Consulates, also online HERE

If purchasing a visa on arrival, travelers should have the exact amount in US$ cash. (No US$ bills older than 2006 accepted)

East Africa Tourist Visa

Travellers also visiting Kenya and Uganda, may wish to consider purchasing an East Africa Tourist Visa (common cross-border joint visa), which allows entry into all three countries on a single visa. If Rwanda is your first port of call, an East African visa (currently Class T12), may be applied for online HERE

For further/additional information on the East African Tourist Visa, please see HERE

NOTE: Tanzania is NOT part of this joint visa initiative and persons travelling to both Rwanda and Tanzania will have to purchase two separate visas.

CURRENCY - CREDIT CARDS, ATM's

The currency of Rwanda is the Rwanda Franc (RWF), which is made up of 100 Centimes.

Credit Cards

Credit cards are now accepted at major lodges and shops in Rwanda and can be used to make payments. MasterCard, followed by Visa, are the preferred cards.

American Express and Diners Club are NOT accepted. Virtually all locations charge a 5-10% fee for using a card. Higher rates in excess of 25% can be encountered. Debit cards are not acknowledged. Smaller vendors do not accept credit cards.

ATM’s

Whilst we advocate drawing some local currency, ATM’s are far and few between, and in addition may be affected by power cuts. ATM’s are available at Kigali airport as well as in Kigali itself, but not all accept foreign cards. With this in mind, it is advisable to travel with US$, in a mixture of denominations, on your person.

Foreign Exchange

When exchanging cash, the most acceptable foreign currency is the US$.Other hard currencies can be used, notably Euros, although these may be subject to less favourable rates of exchange. US$1 bills are not accepted.

NOTE: US$ dated 2006 or earlier are NOT accepted in Rwanda.

TIPPING

Although not compulsory, if you are happy with the level of service provided, it is customary to show appreciation by tipping guides, drivers, and support staff, and it is appropriate to do so in US$ or Rwanda Franc (RWF). Amounts vary depending on the size of your group and the level of assistance required.

Your gorilla tracking porter (if you choose to take one), should ordinarily receive the highest tip, with a second tip distributed between your guide, trackers and security personnel.

A recommended tip is US$25 - US$30 per day for tracking, per traveller.

This may be given to the guide in view of the trackers once out of the park such that he can distribute amongst the trackers and himself.

General Guidelines for Tipping

· Porters at parks - $20-25 per person per day

· Head Guide (when gorilla tracking) - ±$10 per person per day

· Trackers - ±$10 per person per day

· Security personnel - ±$10 per person per day

· The tip for the team of three above should add up to roughly US$25 - US$30 per day of tracking, per traveller

· Driver-Guides - $5 - $10 per person per day

· Park Staff/Forest Walks - $5 per person per walk

· Butler - $15 per couple per day

· Lodge/camp Staff - $8 - $10 per couple for 1 – 3 days stay

· Hotel/lodge porters - $1 - $2 per person per stay

· Restaurants - 5 - 10% of the bill

Whilst it is not encouraged to carry enormous quantities of cash, be aware that facilities for exchanging or drawing cash are restricted to the bigger towns and to Kigali. NOTE: US dollars dated 2006 or earlier are NOT accepted in Rwanda.

Air: 
Main airlines: RwandAir 
International Airports: Kigali International Airport 
Domestic Airports: None 

Road: 
Driving on the: Right 
Tar roads: Yes, primarily in urban areas 
Gravel roads: Yes, common in rural areas 
Valid International Driver's License needed: Yes 
Car hire available: Yes 
Taxis: Yes 
E-hailing services: Yes 

Bus: 
Inter-city bus services: Yes 
Local city bus networks: Yes 

Rail: 
Railway system: No 
Subway System: No 

Water: 
Ferries: Limited, primarily on lakes 
Water taxis: No 
Leisure cruises: Limited 

VACCINATIONS & GENERAL HEALTH INFORMATION

Malaria

Since malaria is endemic in many areas of East Africa, including Rwanda, it is strongly recommended you obtain anti-malaria medication before entering the country.

To obtain a prescription for anti-malaria medication, visitors should consult their own medical doctor or health authority prior to departure. Currently, the most commonly prescribed anti-malarial tablet is Malarone. Your primary-care physician will be able to offer the best advice.

Vaccinations

Medical services and facilities are very much limited to Kigali, and medicines are often unavailable; as a precautionary measure, diphtheria, tetanus, cholera, polio, typhoid and hepatitis vaccinations, although not compulsory, are recommended. ALL travellers to Rwanda DO require a yellow fever vaccination. The yellow fever inoculation is valid for ten years, and must be administered no later than ten days prior to departure.

NOTE: You are required to travel with your Yellow Fever certificate/card.

Bilharzia

Bilharzia is present dams and rivers in the some of the more remote areas of Rwanda. Check with resident locals before swimming.

Water

Drink bottled or boiled water only! Camps and lodges supply clean (bottled or filtered) water. Always check with the camp/lodge staff if it safe to brush your teeth with the tap water.

Medication

Pack your own basic medications for headaches, hay fever etc and any other minor afflictions, and/or travel-related maladies.

NOTE: Pack any prescription/chronic medication you may require for the duration of your trip.

Gorilla and Chimpanzee Tracking Health Requirements

Mountain gorillas and chimpanzees are HIGHLY susceptible to human disease, including colds and flu. If you are participating in a gorilla/chimp trek you need to be free of ANY visibly contagious diseases, and this is checked at the start of the trek by the Park Authorities. If you have any concerns about your health status at the outset of a trek, it is recommended you inform your safari guide as soon as possible, and he will seek advice as to the best way to manage the situation.

NOTE: If Park Authorities are in any doubt as to your condition, they reserve the right to prevent you from continuing on the trek.

Food and water safety: 
Can you drink the tap water: No 
Fresh fruit and veg: Yes, wash thoroughly 
Ice: No 
Meat: Yes, ensure it is well cooked 
Street food: Yes, choose hygienic vendors 

Local cuisine: 
Rwandan cuisine features dishes like "Ugali" (cornmeal staple), "Isombe" (cassava leaves with eggplant and spinach), and "Brochettes" (grilled meat skewers). Staple ingredients include bananas, plantains, pulses, sweet potatoes, and beans, often cooked with a blend of vegetables and meat. 

Drinks: 
Local banana wine and sorghum beer are traditional drinks. 

Tipping: Not customary but appreciated, usually around 5-10% in tourist areas. 

THE WEATHER in RWANDA

Fractionally south of the equator, Rwanda's relatively high altitude provides it with a pleasant tropical highland climate. Temperatures vary considerably between locations depending on their altitude, but very little from month to month in the same place.

In the capital, Kigali, the average daily temperature is about 21°C/67°F, but elsewhere the temperature ranges from 12°C/53°F to 27°C/81°F.

Rwanda's long rainy season lasts from about March to May, when the rain is heavy

and persistent, and then the short rains come from October to November.

June to mid-September is the long dry season, which is followed by a short dry season from December to February.

During both of Rwanda's dry seasons, there is often light cloud cover, this helps to moderate the temperatures, but can also brings light rain showers.

WHAT to PACK for RWANDA

When tracking the gorillas or chimpanzee we recommended wearing sturdy clothing to help protect against scratches, nettles and mud.Loose-fitting, relaxed cotton clothing is the most comfortable during the day. It is warm in the plains but often cold in the hilly and mountainous areas; it is best to wear layers of clothing as temperatures tend to change. A rain jacket, warm sweater and boots are also therefore essential. Rwandans appreciate modest dressing.

Must Haves

· A good wide-brimmed sun hat – for the intense African sun

· A bandana - for the dusty, dry regions

· Lightweight walking boots – for going up and down steep hills (sometimes in mud), preferably ‘worn in’

· Comfortable tennis shoes or sandals – for around the camp/lodge

· Golf shirts or T-shirts

· Long-sleeved cotton shirts – to provide protection from sun, as well as from mosquitos in the evenings

· Shorts – for around the camp/lodge

· A sport bra - for bumpy drives

· A micro-fibre zippered jacket and light rain gear - for rainy season

· Swimwear – whilst at all times respecting modesty of local custom

· Warm fleece, anorak, scarf, gloves and beanie - morning and evenings, for the winter months, and for higher altitudes, where it is cool even in summer

· One better dress, or trousers and shirt - if you are staying overnight in Kigali

A Detailed List of the Most Practical Items to Pack

· Khaki, green, beige, neutral colours – NO army camouflage clothing

· Shirts with long sleeves

· T-shirts

· Long sturdy/safari trousers

· Light-weight breathable rain poncho or parka with a rain hat

· Warm fleece or light wool sweater

· Strong waterproof walking boots – comfortable and ‘worn in’

· Lightweight wool socks

· Moisture-wicking underwear

· Personal toiletries – consider Citronella soap which acts as an insect repellant

· Sufficient sanitary products

· Sun block, after-sun gel, moisturiser, lip salve/balm

· Strong insect repellent - for mosquitos

· Hat and sunglasses

· Torch – a headlamp works well

· Protective gloves – to grip vegetation (inexpensive garden gloves work well)

· Binoculars and camera equipment (plus a water- and/or dustproof bag)

· Daypack - for carrying water, packed lunch, binoculars and camera equipment

NOTE: A walking stick is recommended, and may be hired from your guide or borrowed from the lodge.

LAUNDRY

Laundry can be done at most camps. At most camps and lodges, this service is complimentary, but there may be a nominal charge at some establishments.

Owing to prevailing local traditions in Rwanda, the staff will not wash underwear or intimate apparel.

It is totally acceptable to wear the same outfit more than once while on safari, there is no need to be a fashionista in the bush!

Internet cafes: Yes 
Accommodation options: Yes, with good connectivity 
Restaurants: Yes, in major cities 
Cafes: Yes, in major cities 
Shopping malls: Yes, in major cities 
Public parks: Yes 
Libraries: Yes 

POWER in RWANDA

Camps and lodges in Rwanda are situated in remote areas and generate their own electricity - either by solar power or by diesel generator. These power sources in turn charge banks of batteries known as an inverter system, which then provides 220Volt power in (tented) rooms for lighting and ceiling fans. Some lodges and camps have power only at certain times of the day. Bear in mind that solar power is weather dependent and at times insufficient sunshine may mean lighting and power is limited. In these instances alternative lighting is generally available e.g. storm lanterns, but continuous and uninterrupted charging of electronics will not be possible.

Hairdryers & Electric Shavers

It is often not possible to use appliances such as hairdryers or electric shavers in (tented) rooms at the camps/lodges, as they have low-wattage fuses. You will however be able to charge your equipment in a designated area in the camp - either in your room, or in a central charging station in the common areas. Some of the camps have adapters for your use, but it is strongly advised to travel with your own adapter.

The name Tanzania conjures up images of wildebeest stampeding across vast savannah, rain forests teeming with monkeys and birdlife, and great plains brimming with legions of game. All of these natural wonders and more are on offer in this exceptionally diverse African nation. Visitors typically visit Tanzania to partake in at least one of the four well-known Tanzanian tourist experiences: a relaxing seaside vacation on the picturesque island paradise of Zanzibar, an underwater tour of some of the world’s most renowned dive sites around the gorgeous Spice Islands, a safari adventure in some of Africa’s most impressive game reserves, or a hiking excursion around Mount Kilimanjaro National Park. Whichever of these incredible holidays you choose, you will undoubtedly be welcomed by some fabulously friendly and peaceful inhabitants who, despite being divided into 120 different ethnic groups and cultures, live in harmony with one another and provide some of the most wonderfully exotic local cuisine you could imagine. With all of this diversity on offer, the most difficult part of your Tanzanian holiday experience is likely to be deciding where to go!

ENTERING TANZANIA

You DO require a visa to enter Tanzania if you are a citizen of -

· USA

· Canada

· Australia

· United Kingdom

· any of the EU countries

If you are a citizen of another country, please consult THIS LIST

(http://immigration.go.tz/module1.php?id=24), to determine if you need a visa before you enter.

Foreign nationals requiring a visa are divided into two categories, those who are required to obtain special clearance before travelling, and those who may purchase their visa upon arrival. The vast majority of travelers fall into the latter category.

In all cases, ALL visitors are required to have a passport which is valid for at least six months beyond your intended departure date from Tanzania.

In all instances, ALL visitors must ensure there are TWO successive blank pages in their passport per country to be visited.

Visitors traveling through South Africa, to and from Tanzania, should be advised that the passports of ALL travellers to South Africa must contain at least TWO blank consecutive (unstamped) visa pages each time entry to South Africa is requested; these pages are IN ADDITION to the endorsement/amendment pages at the back of the passport.

Depending on which visa category you fall into, Tanzanian visas may be obtained in advance, as well as at -

Dar es Salaam International Airport

Zanzibar International Airport

Kilimanjaro International Airport (KIA), or

Namanga Entry Point (Tanzania-Kenya boarder point); respectively.

Visas obtained in advance may be applied for manually at relevant Tanzanian Diplomatic or Consulate Missions. Visitors are urged to do so to avoid any possible inconvenience at point of entry in Tanzania.

For visitors purchasing a visa on arrival, travellers should -

· have the exact US$ to hand

· note that if purchasing visas on arrival in Tanzania (airports and road border posts), you will be required to use US$ bills issued LATER than the year 2006.

Older notes are not accepted and may result in travel delays or entry refusal.

CURRENCY - CREDIT CARDS in TANZANIA

The currency of Tanzania is the Tanzanian Shilling (TZS), which is made up of 100 Senti (Cents).

Credit Cards

As in most African countries, Visa and MasterCard are usually accepted throughout Tanzania.

American Express and Diners Club are frequently NOT accepted at all.

Be sure to ask your bank about a Visa or MasterCard with no foreign transaction fees!

Debit cards are not acknowledged.

TIPPING

Although not compulsory, if you are happy with the level of service provided, it is customary to tip guides, drivers, and support staff, and it is appropriate to do so in US$ or Tanzanian Shillings (TZS).

General Guidelines for Tipping

· Ranger/ Guide - $20 per couple per day

· Tracker - $15 per couple per day

· Butler - $15 per couple per day

· Camp Staff - $15 per couple per day

· Transfer Drivers - $5 per transfer

· Porters - $1 per bag

· Restaurants - 10% of the bill

Whilst it is not encouraged to carry enormous quantities of cash, visitors should be aware that facilities for exchanging or drawing any type of currencies are restricted to the bigger towns and the cities.

NOTE: US dollars dated 2006 or earlier are NOT accepted in East Africa.

Air: 
Main airlines: Air Tanzania, Precision Air 
International Airports: Julius Nyerere International Airport (Dar es Salaam), Kilimanjaro International Airport 
Domestic Airports: Zanzibar International Airport 

Road: 
Driving on the: Left 
Tar roads: Yes 
Gravel roads: Yes 
Valid International Driver's License needed: Yes 
Car hire available: Yes 
Taxis: Yes 
E-hailing services: No 

Bus: 
Inter-city bus services: Yes 
Local city bus networks: Yes 

Rail: 
Railway system: Limited 
Subway System: No 

Water: 
Ferries: Yes 
Water taxis: Yes 
Leisure cruises: Yes 

VACCINATIONS & GENERAL HEALTH INFORMATION for TANZANIA

Malaria:

Since malaria is endemic in many areas of East Africa, including Tanzania, it is strongly recommended you obtain anti-malaria medication before entering the country.

To obtain a prescription for anti-malaria medication, visitors should consult their own medical doctor or health authority prior to departure.

Currently, the most commonly prescribed anti-malarial tablet is Malarone. Your primary-care physician will be able to offer the best advice.

Vaccinations:

If you are traveling from a country with a risk of yellow fever, upon your arrival the government of Tanzania requires proof of a yellow fever inoculation.

USA, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, and the EU, do NOT fall into this category, BUT, if you have travelled or transited through countries where yellow fever is apparent, even if just in transit via Nairobi, you will be required to provide a Yellow Fever certificate.

Endemic countries include Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda.

A full list of yellow fever risk countries may be viewed HERE.

The yellow fever vaccination is valid for ten years, and must be administered no later than ten days prior to departure.

NOTE: should you fall into the yellow fever risk category, you are required to travel with your Yellow Fever certificate/card.

Water:

All safari camps and lodges supply fresh, clean (bottled or filtered) water for their guests. Do however always check with the camp/lodge staff if it safe to brush your teeth with the tap/faucet water.

Medication(s):

Pack your own basic medications for headaches and hay fever for instance, as well as for any other minor afflictions, and/or travel-related maladies, you think you may experience in the course of your stay.

Visitors are advised to carry sufficient supplies of specialised (prescription) medication they may require for the entire duration of their holiday.

Food and water safety: 
Can you drink the tap water: No 
Fresh fruit and veg: Yes 
Ice: No 
Meat: Yes 
Street food: Yes 

Local cuisine: Tanzanian cuisine reflects its diverse cultural influences, offering a blend of Indian, Arab, and European flavors. Staple foods include ugali (maize porridge), nyamachoma (grilled meat), pilau (spiced rice), and chapati. Traditional dishes like mshikaki (marinated meat skewers) and samosas are popular street foods. Don't miss trying the Swahili cuisine with its rich seafood dishes. 

Drinks: Notable local drinks include Tangawizi (ginger soda), Tembo (local beer), and Konyagi (a spirit). 

Tipping: 10-15% 

THE WEATHER in TANZANIA

Tanzania is too close to the equator to experience a real winter and a real summer.

Temperatures inland are relatively temperate, and hotter and humid at the coast, on the islands, and in the Selous.

The warmest period is September, October and January, and the coolest is June, July and August.

Tanzania has two rainy seasons; the long rains are from March to May, and the short, or ‘Mango’, rains, come from late October to late December.

Daytime temperatures are generally pleasant and range between 15°C/59°F and 26°C/78°F, but do sometimes rise above 30°C/86°F in the warmer months.

In the higher altitude areas, the temperatures drop substantially, and it can be very cold on the rim of Ngorongoro Crater.

Conversely, the coastal area is humid all year round, with higher temperatures and muggy heat.

WHAT to PACK for TANZANIA

Whilst muted colours are recommended for a safari holiday, there is no need to purchase serious safari gear for your visit to Tanzania.

It is quite acceptable to wear jeans with a neutral-coloured shirt and a baseball cap, with the emphasis on comfort and ease.

Must Haves:

· A good wide-brimmed sun hat – for the intense African sun

· A bandana - for the dusty, dry regions

· Comfortable sneakers, tennis shoes, or boat shoes - you do not require specialised hiking shoes for bush walks

· Sandals – flip-flops for around the camp

· Golf shirts or T-shirts

· Long-sleeved cotton shirts – to provide protection from sun, as well as from mosquitos in the evenings

· Shorts - note that short skirts are not practical and not recommended

· A sport bra - for bumpy game drives

· A micro-fibre zippered jacket and light rain gear - for rainy summer months

· Swimming costume – whilst at all times respecting modesty of local custom

· Warm fleece, anorak, scarf, gloves and ski cap/beanie - for morning and evening game drives, for the winter months, and for higher altitudes, where it can be cool even in summer.

A Detailed List of the Most Practical Items to Pack:

· Khaki, green, beige, neutral colours

· Shirts with long sleeves

· T-shirts

· Shorts or light skirt (not short)

· Jeans or safari trousers for evenings and cool days

· Wind-proof warm jacket

· Light sweater/jumper

· Lightweight water-proof jacket

· Swimwear

· Comfortable walking shoes

· Socks & underwear

· Personal toiletries

· Sun block, after-sun gel, moisturiser, lip salve/balm

· Strong insect repellent

· Hat and sunglasses

· Binoculars and camera equipment (as well as a dustproof bag for cameras and accessories).

LAUNDRY

Laundry can be done at most camps. At many of the camps and lodges, this service is complimentary, but there may be a nominal charge at other establishments.

Owing to and depending on prevailing local traditions in the country, at certain camps, the staff may not or will not wash underwear or intimate apparel.

It is totally acceptable to wear the same outfit more than once while on safari, there is no need to be a fashionista in the bush!

POWER in TANZANIA

Camps and lodges in Tanzania are situated in remote areas and generate their own electricity - either by solar power or by diesel generator.

These power sources in turn charge banks of batteries known as an inverter system, which then provides 220Volt power in each tented room for lighting and ceiling fans.

Hairdryers & Electric Shavers

It is very often not possible to use appliances such as hairdryers or electric shavers in tented rooms at the camps/lodges, as they have low-wattage fuses which will trip the power.

You will however be able to charge your equipment in a designated area in the camp - either in your room, or in a central charging station in the common areas.

Most camps have adapters for your use, but if you would like to purchase one at home prior to departure, the most commonly found plug/socket type in Tanzania is the ‘D’ , and the less commonly used ‘G’ , which utilises the universal plug adapters WA-10 and WA-7 respectively.