JHB – KNP - JHB

The Republic of South Africa is located at the southernmost tip of Africa and is approximately 33 times larger than the Netherlands, with a coastline of 3,000 km. The country borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Indian Ocean to the south and partly to the east, and the countries of Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, and Swaziland to the north and northeast. In the middle of South Africa lies the small kingdom of Lesotho. The country is unique in its diversity of landscape, culture, flora, and fauna.

• 9 provinces: Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Free State, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu Natal, Western Cape, Northern Cape, North West Province.
• Capitals: Pretoria (bestuurlijk), Bloemfontein (gerechtelijk), Cape Town (wetgevend).
• Population: approximately 60 million.

The landscape varies in extreme ways. South Africa has sea, mountains, desert and green grasslands. The climate can range from maritime to tropical and everything in between. For example, the region around the Cape knows the four seasons, which are opposite to the European seasons, with summer beginning on December 21st. In the north and northeast of South Africa, there is no summer and winter; instead they refer to wet and dry seasons. The diversity of the landscape naturally results in a vast variaty of flora and fauna. When it comes to animal species, South Africa probably has the most impressive fauna in the world. There are 290 different land mammals and nearly 800 bird species.

Finally South Africa has a multiracial society, in which the black population, Indians, Chinese, Malays and South Africans of European descent all live according to their own cultures. With this variety of traditions, one naturally encounters them during meals. The menu includes Dutch stews, but with the addition of cloves, peppers and cinnamon. Pastries and sweet deserts are also enhanced with certain spices from the East. From Malaysia come dishes such as the rice table, fried pisang (banana), sosatie (satay) and bobotie (meat in a spicy curry sauce). The Indians contributed with hot curry dishes. The Huguenots made the delicious wine fruits, jams and pies. The Black population brought biltong (dried meat), cooked vegetables, and thick maize porridge. Ultimately, you can try all these dishes in South Africa, where the South African ‘braai’ (barbeque) should certainly not be missed.

South Africa, once a controversial country, has never been disputed for its beauty and diversity. Even today, South Africa remains a political phenomenon, governed by people who, not so long ago, were socially condemned under the former apartheid regime. Today, it is a country that has a great deal to offer and progress, improvements can be seen almost daily.

An holiday to South Africa is an encounter with a different culture, enjoying stunning beaches and discovering exotic animals in the countless wildlife parks. A vacation in South Africa is about getting to know a country with completely different landscapes, from desert to garden routes and from vineyards to impressive canyons. For the Dutch, South Africa is a special destination. A far-off place that, due to its diversity and adventure, makes the journey more than worthwhile. At the same time, it is remarkable to find so many familiar things on the other side of the world, in a country without real winters, such as a language you can understand.

NATURE

The protection of wildlife in South Africa dates back to 1656. The first reserves were established in 1895 (Hluhluwe) and in 1898 (Kruger Park). In 1926, provisions were included in the law for the establishment of National Parks. The National Parks Board manages all the national parks. In addition to the national parks, there are provincial parks and reserves managed by the provinces.

Alongside the national parks, you can find private game reserves, located near the border of places like Kruger Park and in other parts of the country. In most places, the fences between the private reserve and the National Park have been removed, creating a large area where animals can roam freely. All private reserves are accessible by plane, with many having their own landing strips. Of course, you can also reach the parks by car, but often via unpaved roads.

Due to the changing climate across different regions, there is a big diversity in flora. The Cape Province leads the way with no less than 16,000 different species of plants and flowers, most of which belong to the so-called ‘fynbos’. This is the smallest ecosystem on earth with the greatest diversity. South Africa has a total of 22,000 varieties, of which the Protea (Sugarbush) is the most famous (and also the national) flower. All plants and flowers are indigenous and protected, whether they are in a botanical garden or along the roadside and may not be picked.

HISTORY AND CULTURE
Until a few years ago, schoolchildren were taught that the history of South Africa began at the end of the 15th century, when the first Portuguese sailors rounded the Cape. However, ten thousand years ago, the land was already inhabited by Bushmen, called the San, and the Bantu (Blacks) from southwestern Africa. Traces have been found dating back to the Iron Age. These traces indicate that the Bantu were engaged in agriculture and livestock farming. During the early years of our era, the San and Bantu intermingled.
The new people, the Khoikhoi (called Hottentots by the Dutch in the 17th century), encountered European sailors around the 16th century. In the northeast, the Nguni reached the coast of Zululand, now KwaZulu Natal, around 1300. The Zulu and Xhosa populations descend from these Nguni, the main tribes of South Africa. The population consists of more than 60 million people, including Black Africans, Asians, Coloureds, and Whites. South Africa has 11 official languages: Zulu, Xhosa, Afrikaans, Pedi, English, Tswana, Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda, and Ndebele.

‘White and Black’ are the simple terms used to gain a better understanding of the cultural backgrounds of South Africa. No less than nine different peoples, each with their own language and divided into many tribes, make up the original Black population of South Africa. The Xhosa and Zulu are the largest and most well-known tribes, representing about 40% of the Black population. Approximately 10% of the population is referred to as ‘Coloured’. They are the descendants of a mixed race. The rest of the population is of Asian and European origin and speaks Afrikaans or English. The true African culture is mainly manifested in South African jazz, popular music, and visual arts. Although people are proud of their own culture and often still live according to centuries-old traditions and customs, the influence of the West—especially in the Western Cape Province—is noticeable. Throughout South Africa, the population is familiar with tourists and is generally friendly and helpful.

The currency in South Africa is the Rand (ZAR), divided into 100 cents. There are banknotes of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 Rand, coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents, as well as 1, 2, and 5 Rand coins.

Debit- and creditcards are widely accepted, the most common are: Visa, Mastercard, Diners Club, Bank Cards (EuroCard, etc.) and American Express.

However, do not automatically assume that these cards will be accepted so always ensure you have cash on hand as well. In addition, there is the possibility to use ATMs (Maestro/Cirrus). The ATMs offer more options than in Europe, so it can take a bit of searching and careful reading to select the correct option to withdraw money. Generally, you choose ‘Cash Withdrawal’ or ‘Cheque Account’. When entering the amount, keep in mind that the ATM uses two zeros after the decimal point. So, if you are withdrawing R200, you enter R200.00 (4 digits).

The maximum amount of varies per ATM usually ranging between 600 and 2000 Rand. Some ATMs only dispense 20 Rand notes, so you might receive a large stack of cash. Make sure to store the money safely before leaving the ATM and don’t forget to take back your bank card. As with ATMs back home, you should always take care not to fall victim to fraudsters who offer ‘assistance’. Therefore, it’s advisable to choose and ATM at one of the many banks, preferably during business hours, so that you can ask one of the bank employees for assistance if needed.

For Europeans, South Africa is relatively inexpensive. Especially products made locally are priced lower than in Europe. Eating out is also more affordable than in Europe.

In South Africa, traffic drives on the left side of the road. This becomes familiar quite quickly since you simply follow the flow of traffic. It is important to take a moment to familiarize yourself with your rental car so you know where all the controls are located. Additionally, you should be aware of the space on the left side of the car and drive cautiously around parked vehicles and curbs.

Traffic discipline is generally higher than in Europe. Drivers are polite and give you space.

The priority system is based on stop streets. If there is a thick white line at an intersection, you must yield to traffic on the other road. At intersections with stop lines on all sides, the vehicle that arrives first has the right of way. People are quite consistent with this and will signal if you arrived first. Most main roads are two lanes with wide shoulder lanes. Slower traffic will move to the shoulder to allow you to pass. It is customary to thank the driver you pass by flashing your hazard lights once, to which the passed vehicle will often respond with a signal.

Speed limits are 80 or 100 km/h outside built-up areas and 120 km/h on highways and major roads (if indicated). Within built-up areas, the limit is 60 km/h. Seat belts are mandatory. Traffic violations are strictly enforced. Always carry your driver’s license with you. An international driving permit is only necessary if your travel document does not include a standard English translation. Finally, in wildlife parks, there is an important priority rule: animals always have the right of way.

CONNECTING ROADS AND DIRECTIONS

The (main) roads in South Africa are generally good. However, there are also roads with potholes. Drive slowly on these types of roads and try to avoid the holes. If you can't avoid them, drive even more slowly. South Africa also has many unpaved roads. While you don’t necessarily need to avoid these, it’s a good idea to ask locally about the quality of a specific road in combination with the type of vehicle you’re driving. Naturally, you should allow more time for unpaved roads compared to paved ones. These unpaved roads can sometimes lead you to the most beautiful places!

Apart from peak hours in major cities, the roads are generally not very busy, especially in less populated areas. However, be aware that (main) roads are also used as pathways for locals and their livestock. For this reason, it's advisable to avoid driving in the dark. Plan your trip carefully.

Signage in South Africa is good. All roads are marked with road numbers, and street names are also well indicated. On some national highways, tolls are charged, which can be paid in cash or often with a credit card. Regular taxis in South Africa are not always reliable. It is better to use Uber or ask your hotel to arrange a taxi for you.

South Africa is a clean country; especially in difference with other African countries, there is less chance to get sick than anywhere else. It stays Africa, with tropical deseases, such as malaria. We recommend that you contact your local health authority for personalized advice on necessary vaccinations and any malaria pills you might need.
The medical care in South Africa is good. There are doctors and hospitals in all areas, and in most larger cities, you can choose between a public hospital or a private hospital. Private hospitals are more modern but also more expensive than public hospitals.
Note: Make sure to always have your credit card with you. If necessary, most private hospitals will ask for your creditworthiness/insurance.

You can travel safely and comfortably in South Africa. However, it is a country with more poverty compared to Europe, and where there is poverty, there is generally more crime. Therefore, there are a few things to keep in mind during your holiday in South Africa. Be alert, use common sense, and trust your instincts. If a situation or place does not feel safe, leave the location. Here are some specific tips:

• Leave valuable items at home if possible. Keep your handbag or backpack in sight at all times.
• Don’t leave valuables in your car unattended. Always check that your car is actually locked, as there is a trick called 'car jamming' where thieves block the locking signal remotely.
• Avoid driving at night; plan your daily trips well and use your route instructions.
• Regular taxis in South Africa are not always reliable. It’s better to use Uber or ask your hotel to arrange a taxi for you.
• Occasionally, tourists may be stopped by fake police. While the chances of this happening are not high, it is good to be aware. Only stop for recognizable police vehicles.
• Never pay a fine in cash if asked. Always request an official ticket that you can pay at a local police station, municipal office, or court office.
• Always decline offers of help with ATM withdrawals. Try not to withdraw money in the evening and withdraw smaller amounts to avoid carrying too much cash. If the location does not feel safe, use another ATM, such as at a bank or a gas station.
• Do not walk around at night; use your car if you are going to a restaurant.
• Johannesburg and Durban are generally not as safe as other cities, so avoid exploring them alone. In other cities, you can walk around safely during the day as long as you stay in crowded areas.
• Never enter a township or slum on your own, even by car. However, a guided township tour can be a great experience.
• If in doubt, always ask for information about safety (and areas to avoid) at your accommodation; they know the area well. It is also wise to inquire at your accommodation before going hiking to ensure the area is safe.

By keeping these things in mind, you can travel safely through South Africa. Many travellers before you have done so successfully! The warm and friendly people in South Africa will also definitely contribute to your sense of safety!

SAFETY AND ANIMALS

The likelihood of encountering wild animals outside of game reserves is low. Within game reserves, you are not allowed to leave your vehicle. Take this warning seriously. Maintain a safe distance from animals while driving. If animals are on the road, wait patiently and do not honk your horn. During a guided safari, you are in the capable hands of a guide, so follow their instructions.

If you encounter a hippopotamus (most likely near the northern coast of KwaZulu-Natal), do not approach them and calmly make your way to safety or climb a tree. Hippos are very dangerous if you are between the animal and the water, as this blocks their escape route.

South Africa is also home to snakes, but not all snake bites are venomous, let alone fatal. In practice, severe snake bites are rare. Wear closed shoes when hiking.

Finally, baboons can be troublesome and even dangerous. Particularly if they are accustomed to humans and are regularly fed, they may exhibit aggressive behaviour. Keep your distance from the animals and do not feed them. Areas with a high presence of baboons are often marked with signs.

Due to the various international influences, there really isn’t a distinct South African cuisine. The South African cuisine is most closely related to West European cuisine, with a significant influence of Indian cuisine around Durban, featuring delicious (often spicy) curries. In the Cape, the local cuisine is a mix of Dutch dishes with East Indian spices, such as Bobotie, Bredies, and Sosaties. Along the coast, you can enjoy the most delicious fresh seafood dishes. Often, 'line fish' is on the menu, meaning the catch of the day is served. Additionally, you’ll find international dining options everywhere, such as Italian and Greek restaurants, as well as various fast-food chains. The most important thing about meals here is the portion size. For South Africans; the more, the better. South Africans are meat lovers. All types of meat we are familiar with are served, but also exotic game such as springbok, impala, or crocodile meat.

Incredibly popular is braaivleis, and South Africa is famous for its braai culture. Everywhere you go, you’ll find a braai or barbecue where large cuts of meat or fish are grilled over hot charcoal. Potjiekos is another typical South African dish. The entire meal is cooked in one pot, consisting of layers of potatoes, onions, vegetables, and meat, which slowly simmers over the braai fire in a cast-iron pot. Some special South African dishes:

Biltong:  Strips of dried meat with salt and spices.

Sosatie:  Similar to what we know as satay.

Bobotie: A heavily spiced minced meat dish.

Bredie: A one-pot dish with meat and vegetables, flavored with sweet and sour, almonds and raisins.

Pot bread: Bread baked in a cast-iron pot.

Boerewors: Traditional farmer’s sausage.

Koeksisters: Small pastries with honey.

DRINKS

Drinking tap water is safe in the cities and hotels. You can buy various types of bottled water everywhere. Do not drink water from rivers or (reservoir) lakes. Fruits, vegetables, salads, fruit juices, and ice are safe to consume everywhere. Most accommodations have a kettle in the rooms with coffee and tea bags provided. South Africa is the land of rooibos tea, a type of tea made from a fynbos shrub that has a calming and cleansing effect.

Beer is the national drink, and people also enjoy klippies and coke, a mix of brandy and cola. However, South Africa is best known for its wines, which are among the best in the world and reasonably priced. Some well-known names are Groot Constantia, Rustenberg, Buiten Verwachting, Boschendal, Neethlingshof, Vergelegen, Nederburg, and Delheim. Unlike beer, you can buy wine in supermarkets (except on Sundays). Beer is only available at liquor stores, due to a law dating back to the apartheid era.

Summer (around December/January):
Average Highs: 28°C (Cape Town), 26°C (Johannesburg)
Average Lows: 16°C (Cape Town), 15°C (Johannesburg)

Winter (around July/August):
Average Highs: 18°C (Cape Town), 17°C (Johannesburg)
Average Lows: 8°C (Cape Town), 4°C (Johannesburg)

Best Time to Visit:
May to September is the best time for a safari. This is the dry season in the northeast of South Africa, so animals are more concentrated around water sources. In the Cape region, it rains more during this period. For beach vacations in the Cape region, mid-December to March is ideal.

Summer
Bring light clothing, as summer temperatures in some areas can reach into the 30s and sometimes even above 40 degrees Celsius. Be prepared for rain in the northeast of South Africa during this time.

Winter
Winters are generally mild, but there are days when temperatures drop, especially in high-altitude areas such as the Drakensberg Mountains, so be prepared with sweaters and jackets. In Cape Town, it rains during the winter season, so it is advisable to bring rain gear.

In General

• Always bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen, as the sun can be strong even in the winter months.
• Hiking shoes are a good idea throughout the year.
• During safaris, clothing in neutral colors is useful. Note that morning safaris can be cold throughout the year. Be sure to bring a warm sweater and jacket!

South Africa has an excellent communication and internet network. Generally, Wi-Fi connections in hotels are good. There are many mobile phone provider stores. It is very easy to buy a local SIM card for internet access, although most phones also support Sim, which allows you to purchase a data bundle. It is advisable to choose one of these options to ensure you always have internet access and can navigate. It is often more cost-effective than an international roaming bundle. Generally, you will have good mobile reception, but in most game reserves or mountainous areas, reception can be poor.

The standard voltage in South Africa is 220/230 volts. You will need a 3-prong adapter (type M, D, N) (different from the British ones!). In the Netherlands, you can buy these adapters online or at an ANWB store. They are also available at the airport and in supermarkets locally. Hotels often have adapters available in the rooms or can provide them through the reception.

Time Difference

In general, there is no time difference between South Africa and Central European Time. South Africa is on UTC +2 (2 hrs ahead of Coordinated Universal Time aka GMT). The times can differ because some countries use different time zones in summer.

Entry Fees and Tipping

In most cases, entry fees to wildlife and nature reserves must be paid at the park gates. If you are staying overnight in the park, the entry fees are included in the accommodation price at some parks.

Tipping is more common here than in Europe. In South Africa, it is customary to give a tip for certain services such as parking attendants and petrol station attendants, among others, as these tips supplement often low wages. It is customary to give an additional 10% in restaurants. Note: Some restaurants already add a 10% service charge to your bill.

Public Holidays

South Africa has several public holidays on which banks, shops, and public institutions are generally closed. If a public holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is automatically a holiday.

1 January: New Year's Day

21 March: Human Rights Day / Sharpeville Day

March/April: Good Friday

March/April: Easter Sunday and Easter Monday

27 April: Freedom Day (Anniversary of the first general elections)

1 May: Labour Day

16 June: Youth Day

9 August: Women’s Day

24 September: Heritage Day

16 December: Day of Reconciliation

25 December: Christmas Day

26 December: Day of Goodwill

TOURIST INFORMATION

In most larger towns and cities, you will find a Tourist Information Bureau, recognizable by a large white “i” on a green background. Here, you can obtain city maps, information about events, museums, and other attractions.

Emergency Numbers

• Mobile Emergency Number: 112
• Police: 10 111
• Ambulance, Fire, Mountain Rescue: 10 177

African Ample Assistance (Emergency Number)

• 0027 82 777 7800 & 0027 83 386 3200

General Information Number for Cape Town Airport

• 0027 21-937 1200 or ACSA 0027 11-723 1400

General Information Number for OR Tambo International Airport

• 0027 11 921 6262 or ACSA 0027 11-723 1400