Anrhem Land is one of five regions of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located in the north-eastern corner of the territory and is around 310 miles from the territory capital Darwin. The region has an area of 60,000 square miles which also covers the area of Kakadu National Park, and a population of around 16,000. The region was named by Matthew Flinders after the Dutch ship Arnhem which explored the coast in 1623.

Declared an Aboriginal Reserve in 1931, it remains one of the largest Aboriginal Reserves in Australia and is perhaps best known for its remoteness, its art, and the strong continuing traditions of its Indigenous inhabitants. Northeast Arnhem Land is home to the indigenous Yolngu people, one of the largest Indigenous groups in Australia, and one who have succeeded in maintaining a vigorous traditional indigenous culture.

The flora is among the richest in northern Australia with more than 1,700 plant species recorded which is a result of the geological, landform and habitat diversity. The diverse environments support an astonishing array of fauna – birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, frogs and insects, a number of which have adapted to particular habitats. Some of these are listed as rare, endangered, vulnerable or endemic.