The Escambray Mountains is a mountain range located in the south-central region of the island of Cuba. The highest peak is named Pico San Juan, and rises to 960 m above sea level.

The mountain range is considered to be the most important of its kind in central Cuba - it is characterized by steep peaks and deep valleys with a wide variety of species of flora and fauna. It also contains several important cave systems and is home to Lake Hanabanilla, the only mountain lake in Cuba.